There are a few types of gases that make up parts of this accretion disk, and scientists previously have only imaged the very hot, glowing ones, according to a statement from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Because these gases are so hot at about 18 million degrees Fahrenheit (10 million degrees Celsius) they give off X-rays that researchers could easily detect.
But this accretion disk also has cooler hydrogen gas 18,000 F (10,000 C) though it hasn't been imaged before. The radiation in the area causes hydrogen atoms to constantly lose and gain their electrons, an activity that releases weak The team detected these radio waves using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observatory in Chile, and stitched the measurements together into the new image waves.
Lead author Elena Murchikova, an astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, said, the cool hydrogen ring is about a hundredth of a light-year away from the black hole's event horizon, and contains an amount of hydrogen equivalent to a tenth of the mass of Jupiter, according to the statement. What's more, because of the so-called Doppler effect, which makes light from objects moving toward our planet look slightly bluer and light from objects moving away from our planet look slightly redder, the researchers concluded that the gas is rotating around the black hole. We hope these new ALMA observations will help the black hole give up some of its secrets.
The researchers reported their findings on June 5 in the journal Nature.
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